KONDISI TERKINI INDUSTRI PANGAN NASIONAL YANG MEMERLUKAN RANTAI DINGIN  

Setelah mengalami disrupsi rantai pasok pangan (makanan dan minuman) global selama 2 tahun pandemi, industri yang memerlukan sistem rantai dingin yang baik ini berangsur tumbuh bertahap pada awal tahun 2023 ini, seperti disinyalir oleh Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia. 

Berdasar catatan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Atas Dasar Harga Konstan (ADHK) dari industri pangan (makanan minuman – mamin) sebesar Rp 206,19 triliun pada kuartal 1/2023. Nilai tersebut tumbuh sebesar 5,33% dibanding periode yang sama, kuartal 1/2022 year on year – yoy sebesar Rp 195,75 triliun. 

Pertumbuhan kinerja industri mamin ini menjadi yang terbesar keempat diantara subsektor industri pengolahan lainnya pada kuartal 1/2023. Posisinya tepat dibawah industri barang logam, logam dasar, dan alat angkutan, masing-masing naik sebesar 12,78% (yoy), 15,51% (yoy), dan 17,27% (yoy). 

Perubahan gaya hidup kelompok milenial dan urbanisasi area pemukiman, serta didukung oleh pertumbuhan cepat industri market place dan e-commerce, menjadikan industri pengolahan makanan siap dimasak ataupun siap saji tumbuh signifikan, dimana di semua lini rantai dingin makanan dan minuman memerlukan monitoring pengiriman yang baik dan terdokumen. Pertumbuhan industri rantai dingin terdongkrak naik signifikan. 

Dengan semakin dalamnya perkembangan globalisasi, pentingnya perdagangan pangan global untuk ketahanan pangan telah diakui secara luas. Semakin banyak negara yang berubah, dari swasembada menjafi berpartisipasi di dalam perdagangan pangan global. Hambatan geografis tidak lagi menjadi hambatan karena perkembangan transportasi dan teknologi pemeliharaan segar produk beberapa tahun terakhir. 

Peranan pemain di industri rantai dingin nasional dari hulu ke hilir kedepan akan semakin penting. Pasar domestik cukup menjanjikan (mengingat jumlah penduduk Indonesia masuk kedalam 5 besar terpadat dunia) selain pasar global. Untuk memperkuat pangsa pasar global, negara-negara Asia Tenggara telah menyatukan kemampuannya dengan membuat kesepahaman bersama untuk standar implementasi logistik rantai dingin dengan standar negara Jepang. ARPI pun terlibat sebagai asosiasi konsultasi dalam penetapan standar G to G ini. Atas permintaan ARPI kepada Asosiasi Standardisasi Japan, saat ini pemerintah Japan sedang mrmbuat formulasi pelatihan sertifikasi pengiriman makanan dingin yang direncanakan pafa awal tahun depan dapat mengedukasi badan sertifikasi nasional dalam penerapan standar ini. 

ARPI mencatat pertumbuhan logistik rantai dingin (cold storage) tahun ini, akan terkoreksi menjadi 6,5% (dari prediksi 8%), dan pertumbuhan transportasi berpendingin dapat sesuai dengan target. Koreksi tersebut disebabkan adanya disrupsi pasokan bahan baku yang akan disimpan dalam 2 bulan terakhir ini.

LATEST CONDITIONS OF THE NATIONAL FOOD INDUSTRY WHICH REQUIRE A COLD CHAIN

After experiencing disruption of the global food (food and beverage) supply chain during the 2-year pandemic, the industry that needs a good cold chain system will gradually grow in early 2023, as indicated by the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency.

Based on the records of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at constant prices (ADHK) from the food industry (food and drink) amounted to IDR 206.19 trillion in the first quarter of 2023. This value grew by 5.33% compared to the same period, quarter 1/2022 year on year – yoy of IDR 195.75 trillion. The growth in the performance of the food and beverage industry is the fourth largest among other processing industry sub-sectors in the first quarter of 2023. Its position was right below the metal goods, base metal, and transportation equipment industries, which rose by 12.78% (yoy), 15.51% (yoy), and 17.27% (yoy), respectively.

Changes in the lifestyle of the millennial group and urbanization of residential areas, and supported by the rapid growth of the market place and e-commerce industry, have made the ready-to-cook or ready-to-serve food processing industry grow significantly, where all lines of the food and beverage cold chain require good and documented delivery monitoring. The growth of the cold chain industry has increased significantly. With the deepening development of globalization, the importance of global food trade for food security has been widely recognized. More and more countries are moving from being self-sufficient to participating in the global food trade. Geographical barriers are no longer an obstacle due to the development of transportation and product fresh-keeping technology in recent years.

The role of players in the national cold chain industry from upstream to downstream will become increasingly important in the future. The domestic market is quite promising (considering that Indonesia’s population is in the top 5 most populous in the world) in addition to the global market. In order to strengthen their global market share, Southeast Asian countries have combined their capabilities by establishing a common understanding for cold chain logistics implementation standards with Japanese standards. ARPI was also involved as a consulting association in setting this G to G standard. At the request of ARPI to the Japan Standardization Association, currently the Japanese government is preparing a formulation for cold food delivery certification training which is planned early next year to educate national certification bodies in the application of this standard.

ARPI noted that the growth of cold chain logistics (cold storage) this year will be corrected to 6.5% (from the prediction of 8%), and the growth of refrigerated transportation can be on target. This correction was due to a disruption in the supply of raw materials that will be stored in the last 2 months.